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COVID-19 epidemic is not over. The correct wearing of masks can effectively prevent the spread of the virus. Aiming at a series of problems of existing mask-wearing detection algorithms, such as only detecting whether to wear or not, being unable to detect whether to wear correctly, difficulty in detecting small targets in dense scenes, and low detection accuracy, It is suggested to use a better algorithm based on YOLOv5s. It improves the generalization and transmission performance of the model by changing the ACON activation function. Then Bifpn is used to replace PAN to effectively integrate the target features of different sizes extracted by the network. Finally, To enable the network to pay attention to a wide area, CA is introduced to the backbone. This embeds the location information into the channel attention. © 2023 SPIE.
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With the development of the food delivery industry and the impact of the global Covid-19 pandemic in recent years, the demand for errand service platform has been progressively growing. However, due to crowd control policies during epidemics in China, off-campus personnel are unable to enter the campus, resulting in the current public errand service application invalid in campus. In this circumstance, students who need the errand service can only post the errand requests in chatting groups or use the mini-programs embedded in WeChat. Both approaches, however, have significant flaws. Therefore, a specific errand service application for campus is desired. In this paper, an errand services application named AoAoRun is developed for university students and faculties on campus using a dual-user identity model, making it possible for both students and faculties to become the service provider and the service recipients. It integrates and organizes the needs of errand services, providing a safe and user-friendly platform. In addition, unlike current errand service platforms, this application uses blockchain technology for data backup and credit scores system. This credit system gives higher priority to orders posted by users with higher credit scores. Finally, 53 volunteers participate in the user testing of the application. The test results show that AoAoRun greatly improves the utilization of resources and increases the efficiency of students' study and life. © 2022 IEEE.
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This paper is the fourth contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series. The series provides morphological descriptions and information about the pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms, as well as DNA barcodes for the taxa covered. Moreover, 12 whole-genome sequences for the type or new species in the treated genera are provided. The fourth paper in the GOPHY series covers 19 genera of phytopathogenic fungi and their relatives, including Ascochyta, Cadophora, Celoporthe, Cercospora, Coleophoma, Cytospora, Dendrostoma, Didymella, Endothia, Heterophaeomoniella, Leptosphaerulina, Melampsora, Nigrospora, Pezicula, Phaeomoniella, Pseudocercospora, Pteridopassalora, Zymoseptoria, and one genus of oomycetes, Phytophthora. This study includes two new genera, 30 new species, five new combinations, and 43 typifications of older names. Taxonomic novelties: New genera: Heterophaeomoniella L. Mostert, C.F.J. Spies, Halleen & Gramaje, Pteridopassalora C. Nakash. & Crous; New species: Ascochyta flava Qian Chen & L. Cai, Cadophora domestica L. Mostert, R. van der Merwe, Halleen & Gramaje, Cadophora rotunda L. Mostert, R. van der Merwe, Halleen & Gramaje, Cadophora vinacea J.R. Úrbez-Torres, D.T. O'Gorman & Gramaje, Cadophora vivarii L. Mostert, Havenga, Halleen & Gramaje, Celoporthe foliorum H. Suzuki, Marinc. & M.J. Wingf., Cercospora alyssopsidis M. Bakhshi, Zare & Crous, Dendrostoma elaeocarpi C.M. Tian & Q. Yang, Didymella chlamydospora Qian Chen & L. Cai, Didymella gei Qian Chen & L. Cai, Didymella ligulariae Qian Chen & L. Cai, Didymella qilianensis Qian Chen & L. Cai, Didymella uniseptata Qian Chen & L. Cai, Endothia cerciana W. Wang. & S.F. Chen, Leptosphaerulina miscanthi Qian Chen & L. Cai, Nigrospora covidalis M. Raza, Qian Chen & L. Cai, Nigrospora globospora M. Raza, Qian Chen & L. Cai, Nigrospora philosophiae-doctoris M. Raza, Qian Chen & L. Cai, Phytophthora transitoria I. Milenkovic, T. Májek & T. Jung, Phytophthora panamensis T. Jung, Y. Balci, K. Broders & I. Milenkovic, Phytophthora variabilis T. Jung, M. Horta Jung & I. Milenkovic, Pseudocercospora delonicicola C. Nakash., L. Suhaizan & I. Nurul Faziha, Pseudocercospora farfugii C. Nakash., I. Araki, & Ai Ito, Pseudocercospora hardenbergiae Crous & C. Nakash., Pseudocercospora kenyirana C. Nakash., L. Suhaizan & I. Nurul Faziha, Pseudocercospora perrottetiae Crous, C. Nakash. & C.Y. Chen, Pseudocercospora platyceriicola C. Nakash., Y. Hatt, L. Suhaizan & I. Nurul Faziha, Pseudocercospora stemonicola C. Nakash., Y. Hatt., L. Suhaizan & I. Nurul Faziha, Pseudocercospora terengganuensis C. Nakash., Y. Hatt., L. Suhaizan & I. Nurul Faziha, Pseudocercospora xenopunicae Crous & C. Nakash.; New combinations: Heterophaeomoniella pinifoliorum (Hyang B. Lee et al.) L. Mostert, C.F.J. Spies, Halleen & Gramaje, Pseudocercospora pruni-grayanae (Sawada) C. Nakash. & Motohashi., Pseudocercospora togashiana (K. Ito & Tak. Kobay.) C. Nakash. & Tak. Kobay., Pteridopassalora nephrolepidicola (Crous & R.G. Shivas) C. Nakash. & Crous, Pteridopassalora lygodii (Goh & W.H. Hsieh) C. Nakash. & Crous; Typification: Epitypification: Botrytis infestans Mont., Cercospora abeliae Katsuki, Cercospora ceratoniae Pat. & Trab., Cercospora cladrastidis Jacz., Cercospora cryptomeriicola Sawada, Cercospora dalbergiae S.H. Sun, Cercospora ebulicola W. Yamam., Cercospora formosana W. Yamam., Cercospora fukuii W. Yamam., Cercospora glochidionis Sawada, Cercospora ixorana J.M. Yen & Lim, Cercospora liquidambaricola J.M. Yen, Cercospora pancratii Ellis & Everh., Cercospora pini-densiflorae Hori & Nambu, Cercospora profusa Syd. & P. Syd., Cercospora pyracanthae Katsuki, Cercospora horiana Togashi & Katsuki, Cercospora tabernaemontanae Syd. & P. Syd., Cercospora trinidadensis F. Stevens & Solheim, Melampsora laricis-urbanianae Tak. Matsumoto, Melampsora salicis-cupularis Wang, Phaeoisariopsis pruni-grayanae Sawada, Pseudocercospora angiopteridis Goh & W.H. Hsieh, Pseudocercospora basitruncata Crous, Pseudocercospora boehmeriigena U. Braun, Pseudocercospora coprosmae U. Braun & C.F. Hill, Pseudocercospora cratevicola C. Nakash. & U. Braun, Pseudocercospora cymbidiicola U. Braun & C.F. Hill, Pseudocercospora dodonaeae Boesew., Pseudocercospora euphorbiacearum U. Braun, Pseudocercospora lygodii Goh & W.H. Hsieh, Pseudocercospora metrosideri U. Braun, Pseudocercospora paraexosporioides C. Nakash. & U. Braun, Pseudocercospora symploci Katsuki & Tak. Kobay. ex U. Braun & Crous, Septogloeum punctatum Wakef.; Neotypification: Cercospora aleuritis I. Miyake; Lectotypification: Cercospora dalbergiae S.H. Sun, Cercospora formosana W. Yamam., Cercospora fukuii W. Yamam., Cercospora glochidionis Sawada, Cercospora profusa Syd. & P. Syd., Melampsora laricis-urbanianae Tak. Matsumoto, Phaeoisariopsis pruni-grayanae Sawada, Pseudocercospora symploci Katsuki & Tak. Kobay. ex U. Braun & Crous. Citation: Chen Q, Bakhshi M, Balci Y, Broders KD, Cheewangkoon R, Chen SF, Fan XL, Gramaje D, Halleen F, Horta Jung M, Jiang N, Jung T, Májek T, Marincowitz S, Milenkovic T, Mostert L, Nakashima C, Nurul Faziha I, Pan M, Raza M, Scanu B, Spies CFJ, Suhaizan L, Suzuki H, Tian CM, Tomsovský M, Úrbez-Torres JR, Wang W, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ, Yang Q, Yang X, Zare R, Zhao P, Groenewald JZ, Cai L, Crous PW (2022). Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 4. Studies in Mycology 101: 417-564. doi: 10.3114/sim.2022.101.06.
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Many college students had to switch to remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Analyzing their workload and productivity after this major change is helpful to improve remote learning and teaching under these circumstances;however, there is limited quantitative evidence. Therefore, this study aims to quantitatively explore the impact of remote learning on college students' workload and productivity in the US during the pandemic. Within this issue, this research also asseses the impact of assistantships (i.e., students get paid for research, teaching, or other work) on students' workload and productivity, which has not been examined in remote learning during the pandemic. An online survey was developed and distributed, with 48 valid responses received. Descriptive analysis showed that total workload and overall productivity in remote learning were decreased, and students with assistantships had a higher total workload and higher productivity than those of students without assistantships. T-Test indicated that the overall productivity in remote learning was reduced, with the most significant decrease in lecture attendance. Specifically, no significant difference in total workload between face-To-face and remote learning was detected, while significant differences in total workload and overall productivity between students with and without assistantships were identified. Further exploration of participants' comments suggested the folloiwng major reasons for decreased productivity, including inadequate learning location, distraction, lack of self-motivation, and technology and connectivity issues. This study can help students and instructors better arrange study contents to improve remote learning productivity and further reduce the negative impact of the pandemic on education activities. © 2022 ASCE.
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Many college students had to switch to remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Analyzing their workload and productivity after this major change is helpful to improve remote learning and teaching under these circumstances;however, there is limited quantitative evidence. Therefore, this study aims to quantitatively explore the impact of remote learning on college students' workload and productivity in the US during the pandemic. Within this issue, this research also asseses the impact of assistantships (i.e., students get paid for research, teaching, or other work) on students' workload and productivity, which has not been examined in remote learning during the pandemic. An online survey was developed and distributed, with 48 valid responses received. Descriptive analysis showed that total workload and overall productivity in remote learning were decreased, and students with assistantships had a higher total workload and higher productivity than those of students without assistantships. T-test indicated that the overall productivity in remote learning was reduced, with the most significant decrease in lecture attendance. Specifically, no significant difference in total workload between face-to-face and remote learning was detected, while significant differences in total workload and overall productivity between students with and without assistantships were identified. Further exploration of participants' comments suggested the folloiwng major reasons for decreased productivity, including inadequate learning location, distraction, lack of self-motivation, and technology and connectivity issues. This study can help students and instructors better arrange study contents to improve remote learning productivity and further reduce the negative impact of the pandemic on education activities.
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Introduction: Granular parakeratosis (GP) is a dermatosis characterised by a rash at intertriginous sites. The pathogenesis is uncertain although it is proposed to be an irritant contact reaction with cases related to benzalkonium chloride (BAC) reported. This study aims to review the clinical presentation and histopathological features of GP. Methods: This study is a retrospective case series of adult and paediatric patients seen at private and public dermatology clinics in Auckland, New Zealand between 2015 and 2020. Information is collected on patient demographics, presentation, investigation and management. Results: Twelve cases (seven adults, five children) are included. The typical presentation of GP was erythematous or brown, scaly papules and plaques with desquamation in a predominantly flexural distribution. The rash was also observed in the anterior neck, natal cleft and helices of the ears. All patients reported recent exposure to BAC in laundry rinse solution and creams commonly found on the consumer market. Ten biopsies were taken from four patients. Psoriasiform and eczematous findings were common on histopathology. The mainstay of treatment was cessation of BAC exposure. Conclusion: GP has a distinct clinical pattern although histopathological findings are varied. Our experience is that patients often have delayed diagnosis. Clinical diagnosis is usually possible and resolution of GP typically follows avoidance of BAC. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for GP in patients presenting with erythematous flexural eruptions and seek a history of exposure to BAC, especially in context of the COVID-19 pandemic and increased antiseptic use.
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AIM: Granular parakeratosis (GP) is a benign dermatosis characterised by a rash at intertriginous sites. The pathogenesis is uncertain although it is proposed to be an irritant contact reaction with cases related to benzalkonium chloride (BAC) reported. Our experience is that patients often have delayed diagnosis. This study aims to review the clinical presentation and histopathological features of GP. METHODS: This study is a retrospective case series of adult and paediatric patients seen at dermatology clinics in Auckland, New Zealand. Information was collected on patient demographics, presentation, investigations and management. RESULTS: Thirteen cases (seven adults;six children) are included. The typical presentation of GP was erythematous or brown, scaly papules and plaques with desquamation in a predominantly flexural distribution. All patients reported recent exposure to BAC in laundry rinse solution. Nine biopsies were taken from four patients. Psoriasiform and eczematous findings were common on histopathology. The mainstay of treatment was cessation of BAC exposure. CONCLUSION: GP has a distinct clinical pattern although histopathological findings are varied. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for GP in patients presenting with erythematous flexural eruptions and seek a history of BAC exposure, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and increased antiseptic use.
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AIM: To retrospectively evaluate the interobserver variability of intensive care unit (ICU) practitioners and radiologists who used the M-BLUE (modified bedside lung ultrasound in emergency) protocol to assess coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) patients, and to determine the correlation between total M-BLUE protocol score and three different scoring systems reflecting disease severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval was obtained and informed consent was not required. Ninety-six lung ultrasonography (LUS) examinations were performed using the M-BLUE protocol in 79 consecutive COVID-19 patients. Two ICU practitioners and three radiologists reviewed video clips of the LUS of eight different regions in each lung retrospectively. Each observer, who was blind to the patient information, described each clip with M-BLUE terminology and assigned a corresponding score. Interobserver variability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient. Spearman's correlation coefficient analysis (R-value) was used to assess the correlation between the total score of the eight video clips and disease severity. RESULTS: For different LUS signs, fair to good agreement was obtained (ICC = 0.601, 0.339, 0.334, and 0.557 for 0-3 points respectively). The overall interobserver variability was good for both the five different readers and consensus opinions (ICC = 0.618 and 0.607, respectively). There were good correlations between total LUS score and scores from three systems reflecting disease severity (R=0.394-0.660, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, interobserver agreement for different signs and total scores in LUS is good and justifies its use in patients with COVID-19. The total scores of LUS are useful to indicate disease severity.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/diagnostic imaging , Clinical Protocols , Critical Care/methods , Lung/diagnostic imaging , Observer Variation , Point-of-Care Testing , Severity of Illness Index , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2 , Ultrasonography , Young AdultABSTRACT
Objective: To systematically analyze the basic characteristics and contents of the current health standards for infectious disease, environmental health, school health and disinfection in the context of COVID-19 prevention and control, and provide support for the further optimization of epidemic prevention and control guidelines and reference for the revision and improvement of related health standards. Methods: Public health standards used in COVID-19 prevention and control were selected for a systematic comparison with "The Plan of COVID19 Prevention and Control (the 6(t)h Edition)" and other epidemic prevention and control guidelines from the perspectives of application scope and technical elements. Results: The current standards of public health are with scientificity, timeliness and feasibility. The application scope and technical elements of the current public health standards basically meet the needs of the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic, but the public health standardization system still needs improvement, and some public health standards need to be revised. Conclusions: The implementation of current public health standards can provide strong technical support for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic. The experience obtained from COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control might promote the further improvement of the health standardization system.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Humans , Pandemics , Public Health , Reference Standards , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
Under the influence of the COVID-19, consumers pay more and more attention to the safety and health of the air in the car. As the core component of the air purification in the car, the performance of the cabin air filter is a hot topic for vehicle enterprises and parts enterprises. This paper introduces the inspection and data analysis of cabin air filter products in China by China Automotive Technology And Research Center, which includes the product geographical distribution, brand compliance rate, the compliance rate of different testing items. Based on the analysis of fractional efficiency of 0.3 µm, 2.5 µm and 10 µm particle sizes and particle sizes distribution in the atmosphere, this paper puts forward the view that it is necessary to pay more attention to the fractional efficiency of particulates which below 1 µm. In addition, the existing problems of cabin air filter are studied by data and its development direction is prospected. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
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Background: The COVID-19 outbreak poses challenges to people across the world and puts marginalized populations in an even more precarious position. Migrant workers, with their marginal socio-legal status in host countries, are especially vulnerable during the pandemic. The wellbeing of migrant workers, specifically low-wage laborers, is greatly compromised. Objectives: This study aims to systematically review the existing literature on how epidemic infectious diseases affect the wellbeing of migrant workers and what are the interventions to improve their wellbeing. Method: Following the PRISMA guideline, studies on migrant workers’ wellbeing or interventions to improve wellbeing during five major epidemic infectious diseases (i.e., COVID-19, SARS, Ebola, H1N1, MERS) were searched. Eleven electronic databases were used: Cochrane Library, WHO Global Research COVID-19 database, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL Plus, ERIC, MEDLINE, Social Index, PubMed, ProQuest, Social Care Online and EPPI-Mapper. In total, 17 articles that met the criteria were included. An assessment guide was developed to examine the quality of the studies. Results: Overall, the studies consistently show that major epidemic outbreaks negatively affect the physical, financial, psychological and social wellbeing of migrant workers. Migrant workers face a wide range of challenges such as risks of contagion, job insecurity, psychological distress, and discrimination. Factors associated with migrant workers’ marginal socio-economic status were attributed to these challenges. Several interventions were discussed including increased access to vaccinations, health screening at the border, promotion of hygiene strategies, and financial assistance in medical fees. Discussion: The findings highlight the need for a greater public awareness and stronger response to migrant workers’ wellbeing during an epidemic outbreak. Implications to practice and research were discussed. This review calls for more open-access data to advance research on migrant workers, and evidence-based interventions with a long-term effect. © 2020, International Journal of Wellbeing Charitable Trust. All rights reserved.
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Objective: To explore the potential anti-coronavirus mechanism of Xiaoer Feire Kechuan Particles (XFKP). Methods: TCMIP database was used to search and summarize the information of each medicinal herbs-components-target of XFKP. All the candidate target genes were also searched. "Corona virus" was used as the key word in Genecards database to search for corona virus related targets, and the mapping of the active targets with XFKP were used to select the common targets as the research targets. The selected common targets will be found in the summarized database of each medicinal herbs-components-target. The common targets were imported into the STRING database to construct the network diagram of target interaction, and Cytoscape 3.3.0 software was used for visualization processing to screen out the core targets. With the help of OmicsBean analysis platform and String database, Gene ontology (GO) biological process analysis and KEGG signal pathway enrichment analysis were carried out on the target. Results: A total of 342 chemical components and 737 candidate target genes were obtained. Venny mapped 48 common targets, corresponding to 173 compounds, 19 core targets, and 27 main compounds. GO biological process (BP) entries included 3 420, cell component (CC) entries included 239, and molecular function (MF) entries included 343. Through KEGG enrichment analysis, 160 signal pathways related to the therapeutic effect of XFKP were obtained. The "medicinal herbs-components-target-pathway" network of the key targets of XFKP was established. Conclusion: The 173 compounds can intervene 160 signaling pathways by acting on 48 related targets, such as IL-17 signaling pathway, influenza A, etc., mainly involving anti-inflammation, immune regulation, relieving cough and asthma, antibacterial, antiviral and sedative aspects, providing theoretical basis for the treatment of corona virus-related diseases with XFKP.
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Objective: To compare the technical elements of health standards for nosocomial infection control, health protection, health information, and health emergency and biosafety in the context of the prevention and control of COVID-19, and provide support for the further optimization of the epidemic prevention and control guidelines. Methods: Above mentioned health standards used in COVID-19 prevention and control were collected for a systematic comparison with "Guidelines for Prevention and Control of COVID-19 in Medical Institutions" (the 1(st) Edition) from the perspective of technical elements. Results: The application scope and technical elements of the current health standards basically meet the needs for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic. Conclusions: The implementation of the current health standards can provide strong technical support for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic. The experience obtained in the epidemic prevention and control can also contribute to the further revision and improvement of the health standards.